Decisions table

Every strata tribunal matter we hold, across the states, filterable like a database. New South Wales matters are read into structured fields, the parties and their roles, who presided, how it ended, and the money in play. Matters in the other states are catalogued from the tribunal register with their citation, scheme, and source, ahead of the same structured read.

Reset

4,026 matters of which 512 read into structured fields

39% Applicant succeeded of 371 decided
61% Respondent succeeded of decided matters
$50,888,417 Ordered in total across 76 with an amount
$10,628,123 Largest single award in this set

Outcome and money figures are computed over the 512 structured-extract matters in this set, all in New South Wales, the only state read into outcome and amount so far. Matters catalogued from the other registers are not folded into these figures.

Structured strata decisions matching the current filters
DecisionPartiesMemberDisputeOutcomeAmountYear
Sea Point on Trinity [2026] QBCCMCmr 70
CTS 32966 catalogued matter
Management and meetings QBCCMCmr

GENERAL MEETING PROCEDURE – whether a meeting was held out of time – whether inadequate notice of the meeting was given – whether the meeting should be invalidated – CONFLICT OF INTEREST – whether committee members failed to disclose a conflict of interest – RECORDS – whether the body corporate failed to provide records in the required time. Act, ss 94, 100, 205, 276; Accommodation Module, ss 58, 73, 81

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
City Connection II [2026] QBCCMCmr 67
CTS 5586 catalogued matter
By-laws QBCCMCmr

BY-LAW – where the respondent replaced the glass panel on the lot’s entry door with Perspex without body corporate approval – whether there is a contravention of the by-laws – whether the respondent must replace the Perspex with glass – whether the body corporate is acting reasonably.

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Sunrise at 1770 [2026] QBCCMCmr 68
CTS 32536 catalogued matter
Other QBCCMCmr

INTERIM ORDERS – whether interim orders should be cancelled. Act, s 279(2)(b)

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
McWhirters Apartments [2026] QBCCMCmr 66
CTS 30246 catalogued matter
Management and meetings QBCCMCmr

GENERAL MEETING MOTION – whether a motion was validly ruled out of order – whether orders about the ruling and motion are warranted. Accommodation Module, ss 40, 88

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Princeton Court [2026] QBCCMCmr 65
CTS 16000 catalogued matter
Building defects QBCCMCmr

PROPERTY DAMAGE – whether the body corporate is responsible for the cause of water ingress to a lot, where the alleged cause is a failed waterproofing membrane in a planter box. Act, s 281; Standard Module, s 180.

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Saks on 5th Ave [2026] QBCCMCmr 63
CTS 32894 catalogued matter
Building defects QBCCMCmr

COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT STATEMENT – whether the community management statement includes a change that was not properly authorised – whether a new statement should be recorded to rectify the unauthorised change. Act, ss 62, 171

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
The Beach Club Palm Cove Commercial [2026] QBCCMCmr 62
CTS 30538 catalogued matter
Other QBCCMCmr

Whether orders may be made against a subsidiary body corporate in relation to the actions of the principal body corporate. Act, s 270(1)(c); Accommodation Module, s 201(1).

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Owers-Brown v The Owners-Strata Plan No 92562; Nakkan v The Owners-Strata Plan No 92562 (No 2) [2026] NSWCATCD 11
SP 92562 Sutherland Shire structured decision
G Sarginson, Deputy President Costs and procedure Respondent successful

Applications by lot owners to vary the costs order were dismissed; each party remains to bear its own costs.

2026
10 Rothcote [2026] QBCCMCmr 59
CTS 32066 catalogued matter
Other QBCCMCmr

INTERIM ORDER – whether an interim order is necessary because of the nature or urgency of the circumstances to which the application relates. ADJUDICATOR POWERS – whether Adjudicator can be satisfied that an application raises a serious legal question and the balance of convenience between the parties justifies injunctive relief.

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
DT and THE OWNERS OF CIVIC SQUARE APARTMENTS STRATA PLAN 64584 [2026] WASAT 14
SP 64584 catalogued matter
By-laws WASAT

Strata titles - Refusal of application for permission to keep dog on lot - Construction of by-law - Intention to train as assistance animal - Training and development plan - Reasons for refusal of council of owners and strata company - Interference with quiet and peaceful enjoyment - Adoption of policy contrary to by-law - Whether strata company acted unreasonably - Conditions

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Da Silva v The Owners – Strata Plan No 63699 [2026] NSWCATCD 45
SP 63699 Sydney catalogued matter
Management and meetings NSWCATCD

LAND LAW — Strata title — General meeting of owners corporation — Invalidating resolution and treating as nullity under ss 24 and 25 of the Strata Schemes Management Act 2015 (SSMA) — Resolution of disputes — Various orders under s 232 SSMA to restrain entry into contracts and address corporate governance — Grounds not established

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Macquarie Place [2026] QBCCMCmr 60
CTS 10897 catalogued matter
Other QBCCMCmr

ACCESS TO A LOT – where the body corporate has issued a notice of entry seeking access to the respondent’s lot and where the respondent has refused access – whether orders are warranted. Act, s 163; Standard Module, s 180

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Meadowbrook [2026] QBCCMCmr 61
CTS 37217 catalogued matter
Other QBCCMCmr

INTERIM– whether an interim order is warranted. Act, s 279

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Selkirk v The Owners – Strata Plan No 2661 (No 3) [2026] NSWCATCD 50
SP 2661 Woollahra catalogued matter
Costs and procedure NSWCATCD

COSTS — Party/Party — Applicant successful but failed on substantial issues — Awarded a proportion of costs COSTS — Party/Party — Relevance of misconduct by party to allocation of costs — Propounding of false document — Relevant to the extent that the misconduct increased the time taken at hearing or caused the other party to incur costs in responding

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
The Owners – Strata Plan No 5165 v Shahani [2026] NSWCATCD 46
SP 5165 Northern Beaches catalogued matter
By-laws NSWCATCD

LAND LAW---Strata title---Civil penalty---s 147 Strata Schemes Management Act 2015---Service of notices to comply with by-laws---Whether contravention of notices to comply established---Applicable penalty

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Wattle Street Kallangur [2026] QBCCMCmr 58
CTS 33713 catalogued matter
Repairs and common property QBCCMCmr

IMPROVEMENT TO COMMON PROPERTY Act, s 276. Small Schemes Module, s 106

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Butterfield v The Owners – Strata Plan 61741 [2026] NSWCATCD 44
SP 61741 Sydney catalogued matter
Repairs and common property NSWCATCD

LAND LAW – strata title – car stacker system on lot property and common property – interpretation of by-laws – Strata Schemes Management Act 2015 - relief within s 24, s 87(1) and s 232(1) not available

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Glendura Court [2026] QBCCMCmr 57
CTS 11411 catalogued matter
Other QBCCMCmr

INTERIM ORDER – whether an interim order is warranted Act, s279

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Centra' Toowong [2026] QBCCMCmr 54
CTS 49512 catalogued matter
By-laws QBCCMCmr

VISITOR PARKING – whether new terms and conditions not incorporated in by-laws were properly authorised. PARKING FEES – whether the body corporate has the power to charge fees to owners and occupiers who park on scheme land in contravention of parking terms and conditions not included in by-laws. Act, ss 59(2), 94, 96(1), 97, 100, 152(1)(a), 163A, 180(6), 180(7), 310

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Dikova v The Owners Strata Plan 10615 [2026] NSWCATCD 43
SP 10615 Waverley catalogued matter
Repairs and common property NSWCATCD

LAND LAW — Strata title — By-laws LAND LAW — Strata title — Common property LAND LAW — Strata title — Owners corporation — Functions of owner’s corporation

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
John Goubran & Associates Pty Ltd ACN 070 974 819 v The Owners – Strata Plan 57150 [2026] NSWDC 9
SP 57150 Burwood catalogued matter
Building defects NSWDC

NEGLIGENCE — Breach — Standard of care – unit in a strata scheme suffered damage from water ingress caused by the failure of waterproofing of the balcony of the unit above - owners corporations duty – calculation of loss STRATA SCHEMES MANAGEMENT ACT 2015 – claim of breach of statutory duty under s 106(6) – time limit for bringing of proceedings increased from two years to six years on 30 June 2025 – which time limit applies

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Reef Terraces [2026] QBCCMCmr 56
CTS 888 catalogued matter
Repairs and common property QBCCMCmr

APPLICATION FOR INTERIM ORDERS – whether the body corporate is responsible for repairing the applicant’s balcony; whether it must carry out temporary “make safe” works before the application is determined. Act, s 279(1); Accommodation Module, ss 112(2)(a), 127(1)-(2), 158(3).

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
The Lookout Shopping Village [2026] QBCCMCmr 55
CTS 24531 catalogued matter
Repairs and common property QBCCMCmr

IMPROVEMENTS TO COMMON PROPERTY – BY-LAWS – where there have been numerous improvements to common property benefiting lots - whether the improvements require approval – whether the improvements require a grant of exclusive use – whether the lots benefit from a statutory easement in respect of some improvements – whether the owners are in breach of any by-laws. Act, ss 35, 62, 67-70, 170, 182-188; Standard Module, s 187

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
The Owners – Strata Plan No 865 v Carroll [2026] NSWCATAP 58
SP 865 North Sydney structured decision
G Sarginson, Deputy President; G K Burton SC, Senior Member Repairs and common property Respondent successful

The appeal by the owners corporation was dismissed; the primary tribunal's finding that the owners corporation was in breach of its duty to maintain common property (kitchen slab and wall footings) and that the lot owner was entitled to damages was upheld.

2026
Garden View Northward [2026] QBCCMCmr 53
CTS 794 catalogued matter
Other QBCCMCmr

INTERIM ORDER – whether an interim order is warranted. Act, s 279

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Merlion Cove [2026] QBCCMCmr 52
CTS 16344 catalogued matter
Building defects QBCCMCmr

MAINTENANCE; PROPERTY DAMAGE – whether a weep hole is defective and caused water ingress to the applicant’s lot; whether the body corporate must repair the weep hole and reimburse the applicant’s expenditure on an engineer to investigate the problem. Accommodation Module, s 170(1).

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Cirrus [2026] QBCCMCmr 51
CTS 9831 catalogued matter
Levies and contributions QBCCMCmr

BODY CORPORATE DEBT – where the applicant has been charged for the installation of two power points on common property and for electricity which she disputes – where the body corporate revoked the applicant’s right to vote due to these charges being unpaid claiming she owes a body corporate debt – whether the charges amount to a body corporate debt – whether the applicant’s right to vote should be restored. Act, ss 44, 163, 229A, 242; Standard Module, ss 71, 210, 216, 218, 224

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Hope Harbour Marina [2026] QBCCMCmr 50
CTS 20955 catalogued matter
Management and meetings QBCCMCmr

GENERAL MEETING PROCEDURES – whether it was valid for all motions at an annual general meeting to be decided by secret ballot; whether some motions might be declared void, notwithstanding that the committee resolution recommending the use of secret ballots stands unchallenged. Act, ss 100(5), 108-110, 242; Standard Module, ss 15(3), 108(1).

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Silvapine Villas [2026] QBCCMCmr 49
CTS 8160 catalogued matter
Repairs and common property QBCCMCmr

MAINTENANCE – whether the body corporate must maintain a carport on common property. Accommodation Module, s 170

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Stanley Point [2026] QBCCMCmr 46
CTS 32639 catalogued matter
Building defects QBCCMCmr

MAINTENANCE – whether owner has failed to maintain their bathroom in good condition – whether failure to meet building regulations constitutes a maintenance breach – whether owners are required to rectify alleged defects. Act, s20; Accommodation Module, ss170, 201

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Argyle Place [2026] QBCCMCmr 47
CTS 7993 catalogued matter
Other QBCCMCmr

INTERIM ORDERS – whether interim orders are warranted in the circumstances. Act, ss 154, 157, 159, 279; Standard Module, ss 180, 184, 185, 190, 210

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Poinciana Park [2026] QBCCMCmr 45
CTS 26589 catalogued matter
Repairs and common property QBCCMCmr

MAINTENANCE – obligations of body corporate to maintain components of a building where it is registered on a Building Format Plan CONFLICTS OF INTEREST – whether applicable to voting in a general meeting RATIFICATION of committee expenditure by General Meeting BODY CORPORATE RECORDS – whether the body corporate breached the Act by failing to provide the applicant with access to all body corporate records. Act, s 205, 280; Accommodation Module, ss 58, 107, 170, 204, Carroll v Body Corporate for Palm Springs Residences [[2013] QCATA 21](/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/qld/QCATA/2013/21.html "View Case") Quarante Pty Ltd v Owners of Strata Plan No 67212 [[2008] NSWCA 258](/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/nsw/NSWCA/2008/258.html "View Case") Warren v Body Corporate for Buon Vista (No 2) [[2006] QDC 398](/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/qld/QDC/2006/398.html "View Case") The Groves No. Four Minyama [](https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/qld/QBCCMCmr/2017/371.html "View Case")[[2017] QBCCMCmr 371](/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/qld/QBCCMCmr/2017/371.html "View Case") Tank Tower [[2015] QBCCMCmr 322](/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/qld/QBCCMCmr/2015/322.html "View Case")

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Somerset Gardens [2026] QBCCMCmr 48
CTS 25221 catalogued matter
Other QBCCMCmr

INTERIM ORDER – whether an interim order is warranted. Act, s 279

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Tsoukaris v The Owners – Strata Plan No. 30102 [2026] NSWCATAP 48
SP 30102 Sydney structured decision
G Blake AM SC, Principal Member K Robinson, Principal Member Repairs and common property Respondent successful

The appellant's application for an extension of time to appeal was refused and the appeal was dismissed; the appellant was ordered to pay the respondent's costs on an indemnity basis.

2026
Explore Building Management Services Pty Ltd v The Owners – Strata Plan 103525 [2026] NSWSC 121
SP 103525 Blacktown catalogued matter
Costs and procedure NSWSC

CIVIL PROCEDURE — jurisdiction — transfers to and from other courts — District and Local Courts – transfer deferred to ensure compliance with case management orders COSTS — security for costs — relevant factors — Impecuniosity of plaintiff – where also impecunious shareholder proffers undertaking to satisfy adverse costs order – risk of stultification – where impecuniosity said to be partly attributable to issues in dispute

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Regency Place [2026] QBCCMCmr 44
CTS 21972 catalogued matter
By-laws QBCCMCmr

BY-LAWS – whether a notice purportedly issued on behalf of the body corporate alleging owners were breaching the by-laws and seeking removal of items was valid. Act, ss 94, 100, 182-188

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
The Owners – Strata Plan No 85385 v Barnett [2026] NSWCATAP 51
SP 85385 Mosman structured decision
S Westgarth, Deputy President; R Titterton OAM, Senior Member Repairs and common property Respondent successful

The appeal was dismissed; the timber decking on balconies and terraces was determined to be common property for which the owners corporation is responsible for maintenance and repair, and the costs order at first instance was set aside and remitted for reconsideration.

2026
Airport Business Centre Archerfield [2026] QBCCMCmr 42
CTS 34848 catalogued matter
Repairs and common property QBCCMCmr

BY-LAWS - whether the respondent is breaching a by-law by storing items on common property. Act, ss 182-188

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Artique [2026] QBCCMCmr 43
CTS 34902 catalogued matter
Management and meetings QBCCMCmr

GENERAL MEETING – whether notice of extraordinary general meeting complied with legislative requirements; GENERAL MEETING MOTION – whether motions proposed by committee provided owners with sufficient notice of what was proposed and the implications if the body corporate decided to pass the motions; EXPENDITURE – whether motions proposing expenditure above the relevant limit for major spending at the scheme complied with the legislative requirements. Act, s 94(2); Accommodation Module, ss 77, 81, 161, 163

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Camlock [2026] QBCCMCmr 41
CTS 18063 catalogued matter
By-laws QBCCMCmr

GENERAL MEETING PROCEDURES – whether the minutes of an annual general meeting should be amended to address various alleged irregularities. COMMITTEE ELECTION – whether a committee election should be deemed void and a subsequent committee resolution overturned because the applicant did not hear an owner nominate one of the committee members. BY-LAWS – whether a security camera and air conditioner were installed in breach of the by-laws; whether the body corporate should require their removal. REASONABLENESS – whether the body corporate acted unreasonably by voting down motions to permit the applicant to install a security camera and air conditioner given it authorised another owner’s security camera and air conditioner several months later. Act, ss 94(2), 100(4); Standard Module, ss 38, 88(6)(a), 98(1)(a)(ii), 113(b), 117(3), 128(4)(b).

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Jacana At Riverway [2026] QBCCMCmr 39
CTS 45320 catalogued matter
Repairs and common property QBCCMCmr

IMPROVEMENT TO COMMON PROPERTY – whether the respondent should be ordered to remove a lockbox installed on common property, where the installation was approved however certain conditions of approval have not been complied with – whether it is just and equitable to make the order sought. Act, ss 184, 276(1); Accommodation Module, s 177.

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
THE OWNERS OF EQUUS (STRATA SCHEME 62962) and DOUGLAS [2026] WASAT 11
SP 62962 catalogued matter
By-laws WASAT

Strata Titles - Alleged breaches of by-laws - Construction of by-laws - Evidence of breach - Turns on own facts

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
The Owners - Strata Plan No 105126 v Mokhtari [2026] NSWCATCD 23
SP 105126 Penrith structured decision
N Kulkarni, Senior Member Repairs and common property Respondent successful

The application by the owners corporation to recover costs for repair of a common property electrical cable and generator installation from the lot owner was dismissed because the owners corporation failed to establish that the respondent damaged the cable or obstructed the corporation's statutory power of entry under section 122(3) of the Strata Schemes Management Act.

2026
The Owners – Strata Plan No 94624 v G & T Younan Constructions Pty Ltd [2026] NSWSC 94
SP 94624 Northern Beaches structured decision
Sirtes J Water ingress Applicant successful

The court found both defendants liable for breach of statutory warranties under the Home Building Act 1989 (NSW) in relation to multiple water ingress defects and structural defects in the residential building, and ordered them to pay the owners corporation damages of $1,718,393.54 plus interest of $945,205.43 and costs.

$1,718,3942026
Oberto Pty Ltd v The Owners – Strata Plan No 2004 No 2 [2026] NSWCATCD 24
SP 2004 Randwick structured decision
G K Burton SC, Senior Member Repairs and common property Applicant successful

The applicant lot owner was successful in proceedings concerning damage to common property and the owners corporation's duty to maintain and repair; the owners corporation was ordered to pay the applicant's costs on the ordinary basis.

$24,3552026
30 Hutchinson Street [2026] QBCCMCmr 36
CTS 2461 catalogued matter
Repairs and common property QBCCMCmr

IMPROVEMENT TO COMMON PROPERTY – whether the committee unreasonably denied approval for a new roller door for lot 1; whether the committee was competent to decide the request. BODY CORPORATE RECORDS – whether the body corporate refused to provide copies of body corporate records requested by the applicant; whether the records must be provided. Act, s 205(2); Commercial Module, ss 17(1)(c), 131(2)(a), 134; Land Title Act 1994, s 49C(4).

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Paragon on Arthur [2025] QBCCMCmr 38
CTS 41686 catalogued matter
Building defects QBCCMCmr

MAINTENANCE, PROPERTY DAMAGE – Where property damaged by water ingress - Where body corporate proposes to undertake repairs but the lot owner questions the scope of repairs and refuses access. Act, ss 20, 281; Accommodation Module, ss 152(5), 159, 6, 170(1).

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Riverside Lakes Estate [2026] QBCCMCmr 37
CTS 46857 catalogued matter
Management and meetings QBCCMCmr

BILLING FOR BULK SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY – whether owner should retain feed in tariff after body corporate ceased receiving it; COMMITTEE MOTION – validity of decision to instruct ERC to cease paying solar credits; GENERAL MEETING MOTION – validity of motion purporting to instruct owners with solar array infrastructure to set export to zero. Act, ss 94(2), 96, 100, 158; Standard Module, s 52(1)(b), 210

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Daley v The Owners – Strata Plan 2754 [2026] NSWCATAP 38
SP 2754 Northern Beaches catalogued matter
Other NSWCATAP

LAND LAW — Strata title — Owners corporation — Accounts and records of owners corporation —Inspection—Whether, in the circumstances relating to the lot owner’s request to allow inspection of documents, and in the events that occurred, providing a link to the electronically stored books and records of the owners corporation satisfied the requirement under s 182 (3) of the Strata Schemes Management Act 2015 (NSW) that the owners corporation make available for inspection the documents requested. AP

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026
Salacia Waters [2026] QBCCMCmr 35
CTS 42044 catalogued matter
By-laws QBCCMCmr

APPLICATION FOR INTERIM ORDERS – whether the body corporate is acting unreasonably by threatening to tow the applicant’s boat and trailer, parked in breach of the by-laws for “many months”; whether the body corporate should be restrained from towing the boat and trailer until the application can be decided. Act, ss 58, 94(2), 100(5), 279(1).

On the tribunal register; not yet read into parties, outcome, and amount. Read the source decision.

2026

Structured rows are read from the decision's own text into fields; fields the decision does not state are left blank, never inferred. Catalogued rows are matters we hold from the tribunal register, ahead of that read. Every row links to the source decision.